Treatments

Real migraine treatment, explained.

What’s available, what works, and what’s actually right for you. No jargon, no upsells — just the clear picture you should have gotten the first time you asked.

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First, the basics

What’s actually happening when you have a migraine.

A migraine is not just a headache. It’s a neurological condition — a brain disorder — that causes attacks typically lasting 4 to 72 hours. The head pain, if it comes at all, is one symptom. The others — light sensitivity, sound sensitivity, nausea, visual disturbances called aura, and cognitive disruption — can be just as disabling as the pain itself.

During a migraine, a wave of electrical activity called cortical spreading depression moves across the brain, followed by a cascade of inflammatory signals. One of the key molecules in this process is CGRP — calcitonin gene-related peptide — a protein that causes blood vessel dilation and amplifies pain signals. Nearly every major advance in migraine treatment over the last decade has focused on blocking CGRP.

Migraine is not psychological, not caused by stress alone, and not something patients should push through with willpower. It’s a genetic, neurological condition — one with real, effective treatments that most patients never receive.

Migraine vs. headache: what’s the difference?

A tension headache is typically a dull, bilateral pressure that responds to ibuprofen and goes away on its own. A migraine is a distinct neurological event — usually one-sided, often throbbing, typically worsened by movement, and accompanied by nausea or sensory sensitivity. True migraines don’t reliably respond to over-the-counter painkillers, and treating them as headaches delays proper care. The fastest way to know: does light or sound bother you during the attack? Does it interfere with normal activity? Does it happen in recognizable episodes with a beginning, middle, and end? If yes, you’re describing migraine.

How migraine is treated

Two kinds of treatment. Most patients need both.

Stopping migraines when they happen — and reducing how often they happen in the first place.

Acute treatment

For stopping a migraine that’s already started.

Acute treatments are taken at the onset of an attack. Their job is to abort the migraine — stop the pain, reverse the nausea, end the attack as quickly as possible. Triptans have been the standard for decades. Newer options like gepants and ditans offer alternatives for patients who can’t take triptans or don’t respond to them.

Most acute treatments work best when taken within 2 hours of symptom onset.

Preventive treatment

For reducing how often migraines happen in the first place.

Preventive treatments are taken daily or monthly — not to stop an attack in progress, but to reduce how often attacks happen and how severe they are when they do. If you have migraines four or more days per month, you’re a strong candidate. CGRP-based preventives have transformed outcomes for patients who previously had few options.

Many preventive treatments take 8–12 weeks to show full effect. Patience and proper follow-up matter.

Most patients with frequent or disabling migraines benefit from both. The right combination depends on your pattern, your history, and what you’ve already tried. This is what a proper migraine care plan looks like — not a single prescription, but a considered, adjusted strategy.

Acute treatments

For when an attack happens.

Medications that stop migraines in progress — what works, who they’re for, what to expect.

The gold standard for stopping an attack.

Sumatriptan · Rizatriptan · Eletriptan · Zolmitriptan · Naratriptan

How they work

Triptans are serotonin receptor agonists that constrict blood vessels and block pain signals at the trigeminal nerve. They were the first medications developed specifically for migraine — not repurposed from another condition.

Who they're for

Adults with diagnosed migraine without cardiovascular disease or hemiplegic/basilar migraine. Most effective when taken early in an attack.

What to expect

Relief typically begins within 30 minutes to 2 hours. Some patients need to try 2–3 different triptans to find the right fit. Available as tablets, nasal sprays, or injections.

Side effects

Chest tightness, flushing, tingling or pressure sensations, dizziness, fatigue. Contraindicated in coronary artery disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or prior stroke.

Wellday’s role: Your clinician reviews your cardiovascular history before prescribing, selects the triptan most likely to work for your pattern, and has alternatives ready if the first doesn't.

Preventive treatments

For fewer migraines, period.

If you have migraines four or more days per month, you’re a candidate.

This is where the science has changed the most in the last 10 years.

The preventive that changed everything.

Aimovig (erenumab) · Ajovy (fremanezumab) · Emgality (galcanezumab) · Vyepti (eptinezumab)

How they work

CGRP biologics are injectable antibodies that block either the CGRP molecule or its receptor. Given monthly or quarterly, they provide consistent CGRP blockade that prevents the inflammatory cascade driving migraine attacks.

Who they're for

Adults with episodic migraine (4+ headache days per month) or chronic migraine (15+ days per month). Many insurers require documented failure of 2–3 older preventives first.

What to expect

Most patients see meaningful reduction in migraine days within 1–3 months. Injections are self-administered at home, monthly or quarterly depending on the medication.

Side effects

Generally excellent tolerability. Injection site reactions are most common. Some patients report constipation (particularly with erenumab). No significant cardiovascular toxicity.

Wellday’s role: This is where we do our most intensive work — handling prior authorization, navigating step therapy, coordinating savings card enrollment ($0–5/month for most commercially insured patients), and following up closely on response.

Beyond medication

Real options that aren’t prescriptions.

Lifestyle approaches, neuromodulation devices, and procedural treatments — when they help, when they don’t, and when they’re the right path.

The foundation under everything else.

How it helps

The migraine brain is more sensitive to change than average. Disruptions to sleep, hydration, meal timing, and stress can lower the threshold for an attack. Stabilizing these factors reduces frequency and improves medication effectiveness.

Who it's for

Every migraine patient, as a complement to medication. Behavioral approaches alone are insufficient for most patients with frequent migraine, but combined with appropriate medication they improve outcomes.

What works

Sleep regularization and consistent meal timing are the highest-yield interventions. CBT for headache is evidence-based. Trigger avoidance is nuanced — some apparent triggers are actually prodrome symptoms, not causes.

Limitations

Lifestyle approaches are frequently oversold as primary treatment. A patient with 12 migraine days per month needs medication, not just a sleep schedule. We're honest about this distinction.

Wellday’s role: We provide behavioral guidance as part of every care plan — but we don't ask patients to lifestyle their way out of a neurological condition that requires medication.

A closer look at CGRP

The breakthrough that changed migraine treatment.

01

What is CGRP?

CGRP — calcitonin gene-related peptide — is a protein released by nerve cells during migraine attacks. It causes blood vessels to dilate and amplifies pain signals. People with migraine have elevated CGRP levels during attacks, and some have elevated levels even between attacks.

02

How does CGRP therapy work?

CGRP medications block either the CGRP molecule or its receptor, preventing the cascade from starting. Biologics do this with antibodies that circulate for weeks, providing consistent protection. Oral gepants block the receptor acutely when needed. Both target the same mechanism — different timing and delivery.

03

Who qualifies?

Most adults with migraine 4 or more days per month are candidates. Some insurers require documented failure of 2–3 older preventives first. Wellday is experienced with these requirements and moves patients through step therapy efficiently — documenting trials, submitting authorizations, and appealing denials.

Wondering if CGRP therapy is right for you?

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Deep dives

Read more about each treatment.

Educational information

The information on these pages is for general education about migraine and its treatments. It is not medical advice and is not a substitute for evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment by a licensed clinician. Wellday’s care plans are developed individually for each patient based on clinical history, current medications, and personal situation. Always consult with a clinician before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. If you are experiencing a medical emergency or sudden severe headache with new neurological symptoms, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

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